Browse historical cultures
Pallava Culture
South Indian dynasty influential in temple architecture and scripts.
Palmyrene Culture
Syrian oasis culture and city-state bridging Roman and Near Eastern worlds.
Pandya Culture
Tamil kingdom and culture of southern India.
Papuan Highland Cultures
Agricultural highland cultures of New Guinea.
Paracas Culture
South coast Andean culture known for textiles, burials, and cranial modification.
Parthian Empire
Iranian empire that ruled much of Iran and Mesopotamia.
Patayan Culture
Lower Colorado River and desert Southwest culture.
Peiligang Culture
Early Neolithic culture of the Yellow River basin.
Persian Culture
Iranian cultural tradition shaped by ancient empires, Persian language, Islam, and modern Iran.
Persianate Culture
Transregional culture using Persian language and literary-administrative models.
Philistine Culture
Iron Age culture of the southern Levantine coast.
Phoenician Civilization
Levantine maritime city-state culture known for trade and alphabetic writing.
Phrygian Culture
Iron Age Anatolian culture associated with Gordion and the Phrygian kingdom.
Plano Cultures
Late Palaeoindian complexes across the North American plains after Clovis and Folsom.
Polish Culture
West Slavic culture centred on Poland and later the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Polynesian Culture
Austronesian oceanic culture family across the central and eastern Pacific.
Portuguese Culture
Iberian Atlantic culture shaped by medieval state formation and maritime empire.
Pre-Pottery Neolithic A
Early sedentary farming horizon in the Levant before widespread pottery use.
Pre-Pottery Neolithic B
Neolithic horizon marked by larger settlements, farming expansion, and early ritual architecture.
Pueblo Peoples
Indigenous cultures of the American Southwest with pueblo village traditions.