Browse historical cultures
Somali Culture
Horn of Africa culture linked to Cushitic language communities, pastoralism, and Indian Ocean trade.
Song Civilization
Chinese dynastic culture associated with urbanization, printing, commerce, and Neo-Confucianism.
Songhai Empire
Sahelian empire centred on Gao and Timbuktu.
Spanish Culture
Iberian culture shaped by Roman, Visigothic, Islamic, Christian, imperial, and modern histories.
Spartan Culture
Greek polis culture centred on Sparta and its militarized citizen institutions.
Srivijaya Civilization
Maritime Buddhist thalassocracy centred on Sumatra.
Star?evo Culture
Early Neolithic culture of the Balkans associated with farming expansion.
Stillbay Culture
Southern African Middle Stone Age industry associated with finely made bifacial points.
Sukhothai Culture
Early Thai kingdom and cultural formation.
Sumerian Civilization
Urban civilization of southern Mesopotamia known for city-states, cuneiform, and temple economies.
Sundanese Culture
Western Javanese culture with ancient and modern continuity.
Swahili Coast Culture
Islamic mercantile coastal culture of eastern Africa and the Indian Ocean.
Swiss Culture
Alpine culture shaped by confederation, multilingual regions, and republican traditions.
S�mi Culture
Indigenous culture of northern Fennoscandia and the Kola Peninsula.
Tagalog Culture
Philippine lowland culture centred on Luzon and Manila Bay.
Tairona Culture
Northern Colombian culture known for stone settlements and goldwork.
Tamil Sangam Culture
Early historic Tamil culture known from literature, trade, and regional kingdoms.
Tang Civilization
Cosmopolitan imperial Chinese culture with major East Asian influence.
Tangut Xia Culture
Tangut state and culture of northwestern China.
Tartessian Culture
Early Iron Age culture of southwestern Iberia.